Simplifying MBA obfuscation with CoBRA

<p>Mixed Boolean-Arithmetic (MBA) obfuscation disguises simple operations like <code>x + y</code> behind tangles of arithmetic and bitwise operators. Malware authors and software protectors rely on it because no standard simplification technique covers both domains simultaneously; algebraic simplifiers don’t understand bitwise logic, and Boolean minimizers can’t handle arithmetic.</p> <p>We&rsquo;